embrasures which, mere slits in the outer periphery of the walls, spread to

larger dimensions within, some even attaining the area of small triangular

chambers.

The moat, widened and deepened, completely encircled three sides of the

castle, running between the inner and outer walls, which were set at

intervals with small projecting towers so pierced that a flanking fire from

long bows, cross bows and javelins might be directed against a scaling

party.

The fourth side of the walled enclosure overhung a high precipice, which

natural protection rendered towers unnecessary upon this side.

The main gateway of the castle looked toward the west and from it ran the

tortuous and rocky trail, down through the mountains toward the valley

below. The aspect from the great gate was one of quiet and rugged beauty.

A short stretch of barren downs in the foreground only sparsely studded

with an occasional gnarled oak gave an unobstructed view of broad and

lovely meadowland through which wound a sparkling tributary of the Trent.

Two more gateways let into the great fortress, one piercing the north wall

and one the east. All three gates were strongly fortified with towered and

buttressed barbicans which must be taken before the main gates could be

reached. Each barbican was portcullised, while the inner gates were

similarly safeguarded in addition to the drawbridges which, spanning the

moat when lowered, could be drawn up at the approach of an enemy,

effectually stopping his advance.

The new towers and buildings added to the ancient keep under the direction

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